Objective To investigate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acupoint injection in the treatment of type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy. Methods A total of 70 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, with 35 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were given Methycobal combined with the routine treatment of diabetes, and those in the treatment group were given acupoint injection of Carthamus tinctorius injection in addition to the treatment for the control group. The Michigan diabetic neuropathy score (MDNS) was evaluated before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results The treatment group had a significantly better clinical outcome than the control group after 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, both groups had significant reductions in MDNS and the scores of symptoms and signs (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in these scores between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion In patients with DPN, TCM acupoint injection can significantly reduce MDNS and the scores of symptoms and signs and improve their quality of life.