Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Ershan Yangs Baotai Decoction combined with progesterone in the treatment of early threatened abortion and possible mechanism of action based on serum sex hormone level. Methods A total of 40 patients with early threatened abortion who were treated in the outpatient service from January 2012 to December 2016 were enrolled and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 20 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were given intramuscular injection of progesterone, and those in the observation group were given Ershan Yangs Baotai Decoction in addition to the treatment for the control group. The clinical outcome and relief of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms were observed in both groups, and the serum levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), progesterone (P), and estradiol (E2) were measured at different time points. Results The observation group had a better clinical outcome than the control group (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly greater reductions in primary TCM symptom score, minor TCM symptom score, and total score (P<0.05). The serum levels of β-HCG, P, and E2 gradually increased with the increase in gestational weeks, and after 2 weeks of treatment, both groups had significant increases in the serum levels of β-HCG, P, and E2 (P<0.05). After 1, 2, and 3 weeks of treatment, the observation group had a significantly higher serum level of E2 than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ershan Yangs Baotai Decoction combined with progesterone can improve the clinical outcome of early threatened abortion, possibly by regulating the serum levels of sex hormones.