Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome types and their association with immune-inflammatory indicators in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 236 SLE patients who attended The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to December 2024, and related data were collected,including general information,TCM syndrome types,complement component 3(C3),component 4(C4),immunoglobulins (IgA,IgG,and IgM), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for the distribution of TCM syndrome types. Results Among the 236 patients with SLE, the patients with spleen-kidney deficiency accounted for the highest proportion of 35.59%,followed by those with deficiency of both Qi and Yin (33.47%),damp-heat obstruction (10.59%),deficiency of liver and kidney (9.32%),Yin deficiency with internal heat (7.20%), excessive heat-toxicity (2.54%), and Qi-blood deficiency (1.27%). There were significant differences between the SLE patients with different TCM syndrome types in the course of the disease, the presence of rashes or kidney damage, the levels of complement C3, IgG, and IgM, and SLEDAI-2K score (P<0.05). The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that complement C3, IgG, SLEDAI-2K score, course of disease, and the presence of rashes were influencing factors for TCM syndrome types in SLE patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Deficiency of both Qi and Yin and spleen-kidney deficiency are the main TCM syndrome types in SLE, and complement C3, IgG, SLEDAI-2K score, course of disease, and the presence of rashes are influencing factors for TCM syndrome types.