Objective To investigate the effect of Yifei Jianpi prescription on the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blankgroup, model group, dexamethasone group,ambroxol group,and low-,middle-,and high-dose Yifei Jianpi prescription groups.All rats except those in the control group were exposed to tobacco smoke and were given intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide and intragastric administration of senna for 49 days to establish a rat model of COPD with deficiency of both lung and spleen.After modeling,the drugs were given by gavage once a day for 6 weeks:the rats in the blank group were given normal saline 10 mL/kg;the rats in the low-,middle-,and high-dose Yifei Jianpi prescription groups were given Yifei Jianpi prescription at a dose of 0.8,1.6,and 3.2 g/kg, respectively;the rats in the dexamethasone group were given dexamethasone suspension 0.052 5 mg/kg;the rats in the ambroxol group were given ambroxol suspension 1.4 mg/kg.Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the right inferior lobe and the bronchus,and Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS)staining was used to observe the proliferation of goblet cells in the bronchus of rats;ELISA was used to measure the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8),interleukin-10 (IL-10),interleukin-17 (IL-17),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),leptin,C-reactive protein(CRP),and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) in serum and BALF.Results HE staining showed that high-dose Yifei Jianpi prescription and dexamethasone significantly improved airway remodeling and inflammatory cell infiltration in rats with COPD,and AB-PAS staining showed that there was a significant reduction in the proliferation of goblet cells in the bronchus of rats in each administration group.High-dose Yifei Jianpi prescription significantly reduced the levels of IL-8,IL-17,MCP-1,leptin,TNF-α,CRP,and MMP-9 (P<0.05) and increased the level of IL-10 (P<0.05) in serum and BALF of COPD rats.Conclusion Yifei Jianpi prescription can effectively alleviate airway inflammation and improve airway remodeling in rats,possibly by regulating the levels of IL-8,IL-10,IL-17,MCP-1,leptin,TNF-α,CRP,and MMP-9.