Objective To investigate the effect of Chaijin Decoction on the inflammatory markers of procalcitonin (PCT) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) and clinical COPD questionnaire(CCQ)score in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with syndrome of turbid phlegm obstructing the lung. Methods A total of 62 AECOPD patients with syndrome of turbid phlegm obstructing the lung were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, with 31 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were given conventional Western medicine treatment, and those in the treatment group were given oral administration of Chaijin Decoction in addition to the treatment in the control group; the course of treatment was 10 days for both groups. The two groups were compared in terms of the levels of PCT and TNF- α before and after treatment, the change in CCQ score, and clinical outcome after treatment. Results After treatment, both groups had significant reductions in the levels of PCT and TNF- α (P<0.05), and the treatment group had significantly greater reductions than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, both groups had a significant reduction in CCQ score (P<0.05), and the treatment group had a significantly greater reduction than the control group (P<0.05). The treatment group had a significantly better clinical outcome than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Chaijin Decoction can improve clinical symptoms and alleviate inflammatory response in AECOPD patients with syndrome of turbid phlegm obstructing the lung.