Objective To investigate the microscopic histomorphology of the medicinal material Commelina communis, and to provide a reference for the microscopic identification of Commelina communis. Methods Freehand sectioning and microscopic slide preparation were performed for the medicinal material, and a light microscope was used to observe its microscopic characteristics and take photos. Results The epidermal cells on the cross section of the stem of Commelina communis were arranged in a row, with non-glandular hairs occasionally and 3-4 layers of collenchyma tissue on the medial side; vascular bundle fibers were arranged in a ring, and vascular bundles were arranged intermittently, with scattered vascular bundles in the parenchyma of the middle stem. The upper and lower epidermal cells in the cross section of the leaf had different sizes, and there are two layers of bundle sheath cells and a row of palisade cells; two types of non-glandular hairs were observed on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf, and the mesophyll cells contained the needle crystal, prismatic crystal, and square crystal of calcium oxalate. The surface of the involucre was densely covered with short bristles. Conclusion The results of this study supplement the microscopic characteristics of Commelina communis and provides a reference for the identification criteria for Commelina communis.