Objective To investigate the clinical effect of ointment rubbing with Xiaoliu Tongfu Powder in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal reactions after chemotherapy. Methods A total of 60 patients receiving chemotherapy were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 30 patients in each group. The patients in the treatment group were given ointment rubbing with Xiaoliu Tongfu Powder combined with conventional Western medicine symptomatic treatment during chemotherapy, and those in the control group were given conventional Western medicine symptomatic treatment alone. The two groups were compared in terms of nausea, vomiting, and constipation after chemotherapy. Results Compared with the control group, the treatment group had a significantly higher overall response rate of delayed vomiting during observation (P<0.05) and a significant reduction in the degree of nausea and vomiting (P<0.05), but with no marked advantage during the observation period of acute vomiting (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the treatment group had a significantly higher response rate for the prevention and treatment of constipation after chemotherapy (P<0.05). Conclusion Ointment rubbing with Xiaoliu Tongfu Powder can effectively improve the symptoms of delayed vomiting and constipation after chemotherapy and thus improve patients' quality of life.