Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Wuling Capsule combined with eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia with disharmony between heart and kidney. Methods A total of 60 patients with insomnia with disharmony between heart and kidney were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 30 patients in each group. The patients in the treatment group were given Wuling Capsule combined with eszopiclone, and those in the control group were given eszopiclone alone; each course of treatment was 2 weeks, and both groups were treated for two courses. The two groups were compared in terms of total traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score and the total score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. PSQI was used to evaluate overall response after 4 weeks of drug withdrawal. Results Before treatment, there were no significant differences in total TCM syndrome score and the total score of PSQI between the two groups (P>0.05). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, there were significant differences in total TCM syndrome score and the total score of PSQI between the two groups (P<0.05). The treatment group had a significantly better long-term clinical outcome than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Wuling Capsule combined with eszopiclone has marked clinical efficacy and good safety in the treatment of insomnia with disharmony between heart and kidney.