Objective To investigate the differences in living habits and converted scores of Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) between patients with high and low health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores. Methods Among 1 114 persons who underwent physical examination, 301 persons whose scores on the subscales of physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) respectively of 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) ranked top 27% were enrolled as high-score group, and 301 persons whose scores ranked bottom 27% were enrolled as low-score group. The living habits and converted scores of CCMQ were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the smoking habit between the groups with high and low scores on the subscales of PCS and MCS of SF-36 (P>0.05), while there were significant differences in the drinking habit, sleeping time, and converted scores of CCMQ between the two groups (P<0.05). Compared with the low-score group, the high-score group had significantly more persons with drinking habit, a sleeping time of 7-8 hours, and balanced constitution, a significantly higher converted score of balanced constitution, and significantly lower converted scores of 8 imbalanced constitution types. The group with a high score on the subscale of MCS had significantly more persons with an exercise habit than the group with a low score on the subscale of MCS (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in exercise habit between the groups with high and low scores on the subscale of PCS (P>0.05). Conclusion There are certain differences in living habits and constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine between the groups with high and low scores of SF-36. Improvements in sleeping time, exercise habit, and imbalanced constitution may help to improve HRQoL.