Objective To observe the clinical effect of Tongdu Tiaoshen Acupuncture in the treatment of cognitive function in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and to partially investigate its working mechanisms. Methods Sixty patients with aMCI were randomly and equally divided into treatment group and control group. Patients in the treatment group received Tongdu Tiaoshen Acupuncture for 8 weeks, while patients in the control group were orally given nimodipine for 8 weeks. The cognitive function in patients before and after treatment was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Syndrome Differentiation Scale of Vascular Dementia (SDSVD). Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also determined before and after treatment. Results For both groups, the MMSE and MoCA scores were significantly higher after treatment (P<0.05), while serum levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 were significantly lower after treatment (P<0.05). Moreover, the SDSVD score in the treatment group was significantly lower after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly larger MMSE increase, SDSVD reduction, and IL-6 reduction after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Tongdu Tiaoshen Acupuncture can substantially improve cognitive function in patients with aMCI, the partial mechanism for which is associated with serum IL-6 reduction.